What are the three nursing systems described by Orem?

What are the three nursing systems described by Orem?

• A. Compensatory, supportive, and educative
• B. Total, partial, and collaborative
• C. Wholly compensatory, partly compensatory, and supportive-educative
• D. Independent, interdependent, and dependent

Answer: (C)

Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory describes three nursing systems that reflect how much the patient can participate in self-care and how much the nurse must intervene. In wholly compensatory, the patient cannot participate in self-care at all, so the nurse performs all self-care actions for the patient. Partly compensatory acknowledges some patient ability to care for self, with the nurse assisting in those tasks the patient cannot perform and guiding the patient to do as much as possible. Supportive-educative is used when the patient can perform self-care but needs teaching, advice, or encouragement; the nurse provides education and support to enable the patient to carry out self-care independently. The option that lists wholly compensatory, partly compensatory, and supportive-educative precisely captures these three systems.

Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory describes three nursing systems that reflect how much the patient can participate in self-care and how much the nurse must intervene. In wholly compensatory, the patient cannot participate in self-care at all, so the nurse performs all self-care actions for the patient. Partly compensatory acknowledges some patient ability to care for self, with the nurse assisting in those tasks the patient cannot perform and guiding the patient to do as much as possible. Supportive-educative is used when the patient can perform self-care but needs teaching, advice, or encouragement; the nurse provides education and support to enable the patient to carry out self-care independently. The option that lists wholly compensatory, partly compensatory, and supportive-educative precisely captures these three systems.